What is your use case? I ask because ESXi is free again, but it’s probably not a useful skill to learn these days. At least not as much as the competition.
Similarly, 2.5" mechanical drives only make sense for certain use cases. Otherwise I’d get SSDS or a 3.5" DAS.
Thinkpads are extremely well documented. For how to repair/replace parts, you need the HMM. Just Google for “Thinkpad t14 Gen 1 HMM” and you should find the official PDF on their site. That will tell you, step by step, how to replace the keyboard.
As for the part itself, you can again check Lenovo’s site for all compatible parts (FRUs) and find the item number and details. While I wouldn’t recommend buying directly from them due to cost, this should give you the information needed to find it elsewhere. eBay has tons of Thinkpads being sold for parts, and many of these will be parted out. You should have no issues finding what you’re looking for.
They all have to work (at least to an extent) using only x1. It’s part of the PCIe spec.
Missing pins are actually extremely common. If your board has a slot that’s x16 (electrically x8), which is very common for a second video card, take a closer look. Half the pins in the slot aren’t connected. It has the full slot to make you feel better about it, and it provides some mounting stability, but it’s electrically the same as an x8 that’s open.
USB the protocol, or just uses a USB cable? If it’s not using the protocol, the cables are a cheap way of getting cables of a certain spec.
This entire conversation is solving a problem that’s already been mostly solved.
If you don’t like an existing community, whether because of the mods or whatever, you just create a new one. This was common on Reddit (e.g. GameOfThrones vs FreeFolk vs ASOIAF), and extends further. If you don’t like !Linux@lemmy.world, you can create !Linux@lemmy.ml, @programming.dev, @lemm.ee, or hundreds of others.
The community will respond accordingly. If you run a better ship, people will find it and respond accordingly. The only real hurdle is fighting inertia. The mods of the existing community will probably not take kindly to anyone mentioning any alternatives.
Also, be sure to run extensive burn in tests before deploying for production use. I had an entire batch from GoHardDrive fail on me during that testing, so my data was never in danger.
Buggy how? What specifically is an issue? Have you ever gotten to a stable and working point? If so, what changed?
I personally only use Linux in servers. It may take a while to configure initially, but then I don’t touch it in any meaningful way for years.
Thank you for the extra context. It’s relieving to know you don’t just have a bunch of USB “backup” drives connected.
To break this down to its simplest elements, you basically have a bunch of small DASes connected to a USB host controller. The rest could be achieved using another interface, such as SATA, SAS, or others. USB has certain compromises that you really don’t want happening to a member of a RAID, which is why you’re getting warnings from people about data loss. SATA/SAS don’t have this issue.
You should not have to replace the cable ever, especially if it does not move. Combined with the counterfeit card, it sounds like you had a bad parts supplier. But yes, parts can sometimes fail, and replacements on SAS are inconvenient. You also (probably) have to find a way to cool the card, which might be an ugly solution.
I eventually went with a proper server DAS (EMC ktn-stl3, IIRC), connected via external SAS cable. It works like a charm, although it is extremely loud and sucks down 250w @ idle. I don’t blame anyone for refusing this as a solution.
I wrote, rewrote, and eventually deleted large sections of this response as I thought through it. It really seems like your main reason for going USB is that specific enclosure. There should really be an equivalent with SAS/SATA connectors, but I can’t find one. DAS enclosures pretty much suck, and cooling is a big part of it.
So, when it all comes down to it, you would need a DAS with good, quiet airflow, and SATA connectors. Presumably this enclosure would also need to be self-powered. It would need either 4 bays to match what you have, or 16 to cover everything you would need. This is a simple idea, and all of the pieces already exist in other products.
But I’ve never seen it all combined. It seems the data hoarder community jumps from internal bays (I’ve seen up to 15 in a reasonable consumer config) straight to rackmount server gear.
Your setup isn’t terrible, but it isn’t what it could/should be. All things being equal, you really should switch the drives over to SATA/SAS. But that depends on finding a good DAS first. If you ever find one, I’d be thrilled to switch to it as well.
You currently have 16 disks connected via USB, in a ZFS array?
I highly recommend reimagining your path forward. Define your needs (sounds like a high-capacity storage server to me), define your constraints (e.g. cost), then develop a solution to best meet them.
Even if you are trying to build one on the cheap with a high Wife Acceptance Factor, there are better ways to do so than attaching 16+ USB disks to a thin client.
This really isn’t dangerous unless you already screwed up badly. If it wipes, you just restore from backup/DR.
You do have backups and a DR plan for your prod servers, right?
Seagate SMART values don’t mean what you think they mean
The SMART values that might be read out by third-party SMART software are not based on how the values may be used within the Seagate hard drives. Seagate does not provide support for software programs that claim to read individual SMART attributes and thresholds. There may be some historical correctness on older drives, but new drives, no doubt, will have incorporated newer solutions, attributes and thresholds.
Seagate uses the general SMART Status, pass or fail. The individual attributes and threshold values are proprietary and we do not offer a utility that will read out the values. If the values that you are seeing with a third party SMART utility are not displaying properly or seem to be false, please contact your software vendor for further explanation of the values.
Some third-party SMART software programs display a list of attributes that seem to announce or foreshadow a SATA hard drive failure. Some of the most common are:
Raw Read Error Rate
Raw_Read_Error_Rate
Reallocated Sector Count
Reallocated_Sector_Count
Reallocation Count
Reallocation_Count
Seek Error Rate
Seek_Error_Rate
Spin Retry Count
Spin_Retry_Count
Hardware ECC Recovered
Hardware_ECC_Recovered
Current Pending Sector
Current_Pending_Sector
Ultra DMA CRC Error Count
Ultra_DMA_CRC_Error_Count
Ultra ATA CRC Error Count
Ultra_ATA_CRC_Error_Count
Offline Uncorrectable Sector Count
Offline_Uncorrectable_Sector_Count
ECC hardware errors recovered
ECC_hardware_errors_recovered
Current_Pending_Sector
Offline_Uncorrectable
ECC Seek Error
Pre-Failure: Imminent loss of data is being predicted
Please remember that these third-party programs do not have proprietary access to Seagate hard disk information, and therefore often provide inconsistent and inaccurate results. SeaTools is more consistent and more accurate and is the standard Seagate uses to determine hard drive failure.
I think you mean LGA (Land Grid Array), meaning the pins are on the motherboard. Ball Grid Array (BGA) is used for embedded, non-removable CPUs.
The only thing I’ll add is that RAID is redundancy. Its purpose is to prevent downtime, not data loss.
If you aren’t concerned with downtime, RAID is the wrong solution.
The absolute easiest and simplest would be to modify your grub config to have a longer timer on the boot menu, effectively delaying them until the NAS is up.
That doesn’t necessarily mean it’s the best option- there are ways to make the actual boot process wait for mounts, or to stagger the WOL signals, or the solutions others have mentioned. But changing grub is quick and easy.
You’re overlooking a very common reason that people setup a homelab - practice for their careers. Many colleges offer a more legitimate setup for the same purpose, and a similar design. But if you’re choosing to learn AD from a free/cheap book instead of a multi-thousand dollar course, you still need a lab to absorb the information and really understand it.
Granted, AD is of limited value to learn these days, but it’s still a backbone for countless other tools that are highly relevant.
Careful with this- since MLC just means multi, I’ve seen drives marketed as “3-bit MLC”, i.e. TLC
That was my line of thinking. However, my subdomain.chickenkiller.com frequently (but but universally) resolves to the IP of regular chickenkiller.com. I don’t believe it’s an issue with my config, since my previous domains (not run by josh) worked just fine until they folded.
Each domain is run independently. Unfortunately, I have the worst luck in choosing them. The past 3 I’ve used have folded, and the one I’m on now (by an established operator) isn’t reliable. Most endpoints fail to resolve the subdomain DNS, instead returning the parent IP.
You know how you need to test any backup solution? This is the same. Have anyone that you’re expecting to do this run through the process entirely from your documentation. If they can’t, adjust the doc/process until they can. Then include that with your will, or with other documents people will be looking through in the event of your death.
The big caveat is that the BIOS must allow it, and most released versions do not.