Most probably those services are started because some other service depends on them.

After running systemctl disable someservice the service someservice is not “disabled” in the sense that it can’t be started, it merely isn’t started automatically at startup. If you want to make a service not startable, use systemctl mask (or, you know, uninstall/delete it?).

systemctl list-dependencies --reverse mysql.service should list the services that depend on mysql.service.

Those processes are server processes and they are supposed to always run in the background. In that way they are ready to be accessed by client software immediately. For why they are root: often but not always servers need elevated privileges, e.g. to open ports below 1024 or read restricted files.

This is where the server/client concept comes from. Some server software runs in the background and wait for access from an external client software. Then it works on the server and produces and output for the client. This way the entire server does not need to start run and stop for every single request. I mean you don’t start and close every time you click on a new link on the website, right? So your PC runs all the time. And that’s similar to how MySQL operates. It starts a server in the background and then waits for any application to use it. So this is totally normal.

Now because lot of people don’t want to start the server process “by hand”, they put it in autostart, so it starts with your system. If you don’t want it to autostart, maybe there is a way of configuring it so you have to start it manually each time you want to use it. But I cannot assist with that help, just wanted to explain why that is on a high level.

systemctl list-unit-files --state=enabled to check everything enabled that you might want to disable

as for running as root, AFAIK all systemd services run as root, unless they’re defined at the user-level; but IME setting services at the user level usually means a more involved setup to make sure PATH and env vars are correct.

Wonderful day!

May I ask how did you install these programs?

For example, AnyDesk. The underlying service might be installed from the official repository DEB package.
As we may see, in the following package:
- https://deb.anydesk.com/pool/main/a/anydesk/anydesk_8.0.4_amd64.deb

There’s a standard “postinst” script inside that installs the service:

#!/bin/bash

set -e

command_exists()
{
        command -v "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
}

if [ "$1" = configure ]; then

        INITSYS=$(ls -al /proc/1/exe | awk -F' ' '{print $NF}' | awk -F'/' '{print $NF}')

        if [ "systemd" == "$INITSYS" ]; then
                if [ -e /etc/systemd/system/anydesk.service ]; then
                        rm /etc/systemd/system/anydesk.service
                fi
                cp /usr/share/anydesk/files/systemd/anydesk.service /etc/systemd/system/anydesk.service
                systemctl daemon-reload
                deb-systemd-invoke enable anydesk
                deb-systemd-invoke start anydesk
        elif [ "init" == "$INITSYS" ]; then
                if [ -e /etc/init.d/anydesk ]; then
                        rm /etc/init.d/anydesk
                fi
                chmod +x /usr/share/anydesk/files/init/anydesk
                ln -s /usr/share/anydesk/files/init/anydesk /etc/init.d/anydesk
                update-rc.d anydesk defaults
                invoke-rc.d anydesk start
        fi

        command_exists update-menus && update-menus
        command_exists update-desktop-database && update-desktop-database
        command_exists xdg-desktop-menu && xdg-desktop-menu forceupdate
fi

Since the script is copied into “system” path (not the User’s “/etc/systemd/user/*”), it is executed by “root” by default, unless specifically specified in the service itself (e.g., directive “User=”).

Just in case, “enabling” in marvelous Systemd means merely a symlink added to the directory the OS probes on boot. You should see the symlink location on service '(dis-)enabling".